[
 {
  "category": "Core Concepts",
  "item_key": "bp_bhava_judgement",
  "title": "Judging Good or Bad Results of a Bhava",
  "keywords": "bhava judgement, house strength, benefic aspect, malefic, bhavesh, good bad results, dusthana",
  "content": "Parashara's master rule for judging any bhava: a house gives its full auspicious fruit when its lord (bhavesh) is joined or aspected by benefics, when the lord is in a youthful, awakened or juvenile avastha (yuva, prabuddha, kumara) and aspects its own bhava. The bhava's fruit is diminished or destroyed when its lord is in a dead-like avastha (nashtadi), joined with the lords of the 6th, 8th, 12th, 3rd or 11th, and does not aspect its own house. Placement is decisive: a bhavesh in a kendra (1, 4, 7, 10) or trikona (5, 9), in own sign, exalted, or strong in varga, uplifts the house, while a bhavesh in a dusthana or trika (6, 8, 12), in fall, combust or in an enemy sign, harms it. In general, a benefic's relationship to a house gives that house's good result and a malefic's relationship gives its bad result; a strong house is auspicious and a weak house inauspicious."
 },
 {
  "category": "Core Concepts",
  "item_key": "bp_derivative_bhava",
  "title": "Derivative Houses for Judging Relatives",
  "keywords": "derivative houses, bhavat bhavam, relatives, mother, father, children, spouse, house as lagna",
  "content": "Parashara teaches that the twelve-house results read from the lagna for the native himself can be read for any relative by treating that relative's significator house as a new ascendant. The mother is judged from the 4th house taken as her lagna, children from the 5th, the wife from the 7th, and the father from the 9th (or 10th). Counting the twelve bhavas from that relative's house then reveals the relative's own health, wealth, longevity and other matters. This derivative-house technique lets a single chart be extended to describe the whole family, and Parashara applies it explicitly, for instance judging the father's fortune, wealth and death from the 9th and 10th houses and their lords and karaka (Sun)."
 },
 {
  "category": "Core Concepts",
  "item_key": "bp_kendra_trikona_dusthana",
  "title": "Kendra, Trikona and Dusthana Placement Principle",
  "keywords": "kendra, trikona, dusthana, trika, angle, trine, 6-8-12, house placement, strength",
  "content": "A recurring structural principle in Parashara's house chapters divides the twelve bhavas by their power to help or harm. The kendras (angles) are the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th; the trikonas (trines) are the 5th and 9th (the 1st also serves as a trikona). A house lord placed in a kendra or trikona strengthens and prospers the house it rules, especially when also in own sign, exalted, or in its own navamsha. The dusthanas or trika-sthanas are the 6th, 8th and 12th; a house lord that falls into these tends to damage the significations of the house it owns, causing loss, disease, or destruction of that house's karaka matters. Thus wealth grows when the 2nd lord is in a kendra or trikona and is lost when it goes to a dusthana; the same logic is applied to progeny, marriage, fortune and every other bhava throughout the text."
 },
 {
  "category": "Core Concepts",
  "item_key": "bp_lord_avastha",
  "title": "Avastha (State/Age) of the Bhava Lord",
  "keywords": "avastha, bhavesh state, yuva, prabuddha, kumara, nashta avastha, house lord condition",
  "content": "The condition or 'age' (avastha) of a bhava's lord modifies the fruit it yields. When the bhavesh is in a lively state, described as youthful (yuva), awakened (prabuddha) or juvenile (kumara), and it casts its aspect upon its own house, the house delivers its good result. When the same lord is in a decayed, dead-like state (nashtadi avastha), it cannot protect its house, and if it is additionally joined with the lords of the 6th, 8th, 12th, 3rd or 11th and fails to aspect its own bhava, the house's fruit is reduced or ruined. This avastha assessment is applied alongside the planet's dignity (own sign, exaltation, fall, combustion) and its house placement, so that the total strength of the lord, not any single factor, determines the outcome of the bhava."
 },
 {
  "category": "Core Concepts",
  "item_key": "bp_male_female_planets",
  "title": "Male and Female Planets (Stri and Purusha Graha)",
  "keywords": "male planets, female planets, stri graha, purusha graha, gender, siblings, sun mars jupiter, moon venus saturn",
  "content": "Parashara classifies the planets by gender for prediction, chiefly when judging the gender of siblings from the 3rd house. The male planets (purusha graha) are the Sun, Mars and Jupiter; the female planets (stri graha) are the Moon, Venus and Saturn. When the 3rd lord is a male planet and male planets occupy the 3rd, the native has only brothers; when the 3rd lord is a female planet and female planets are in the 3rd, only sisters. Mixed male and female influence, such as a male 3rd lord with the house aspected by a female planet, indicates both brothers and sisters, and the relative strength of the male and female planets then decides which predominates. This male-female classification is one of several tools, applied together with karakas and house strength, to refine predictions about family and progeny."
 },
 {
  "category": "Core Concepts",
  "item_key": "bp_planetary_dignity",
  "title": "Planetary Dignity and Strength States",
  "keywords": "dignity, exaltation, uccha, neecha, fall, swagruhi, own sign, combust, astangata, varga bala, vargottama",
  "content": "Parashara repeatedly weighs a planet's dignity when reading a house. Strengthening states include own sign (swagruhi), exaltation (uccha) and deep exaltation (parama uccha), being in one's own navamsha or vargottama, friendly signs, and high varga-bala (six or more of the ten vargas, e.g. paravatamsha). Weakening states include fall/debilitation (neecha), combustion (astangata, when a planet is with the Sun within its zone of combustion), enemy signs (shatru rashi), and general weakness (nirbala). A planet in strong dignity in a favourable house delivers its house's benefits abundantly and often effortlessly, while a planet in fall, combust or in an enemy sign gives disease, poverty and loss for the matters it signifies. Exaltation points cited include the Sun at 10 degrees Aries, Venus at 27 degrees Pisces, Mercury at 15 degrees Virgo; the Moon exalts in Taurus, Mars in Capricorn and Saturn in Libra. These dignity states combine with house placement and avastha to fix the total result."
 },
 {
  "category": "Core Concepts",
  "item_key": "bp_visible_invisible_hemisphere",
  "title": "Visible and Invisible Half of the Chart",
  "keywords": "drishya chakra, adrishya, visible hemisphere, direct results, indirect results, chart half, 7th cusp, lagna cusp",
  "content": "Parashara states a rule about which planets give manifest versus hidden results based on the chart's two halves. Planets lying in the visible half of the wheel (drishya chakrardha), measured from the midpoint of the 7th house to the midpoint of the lagna, give direct, manifest results (pratyaksha phala). Planets lying in the invisible half (adrishya chakrardha), from the midpoint of the lagna to the midpoint of the 7th, give indirect or hidden results (paroksha phala). This distinction helps the astrologer weigh how openly the significations of a planet will express in the native's life, and is applied together with house placement, dignity and aspects when synthesising a prediction."
 },
 {
  "category": "Core Concepts",
  "item_key": "bs_classification_char_sthir_dwisvabhava",
  "title": "Char, Sthir and Dwisvabhava Signs",
  "keywords": "char, sthir, dwisvabhava, movable, fixed, dual, classification, density, speed",
  "content": "Every element expresses itself through three sign-types that govern speed and 'density'. Char (movable) signs have speed as their main quality - quick action and quick reaction - and carry the least density; example: Capricorn in earth wants everything done fast. Sthir (fixed) signs have 'grip' and stability as their main quality and the greatest density: anger rises slowly but, once risen, does not subside; example: Leo and Taurus. Dwisvabhava (dual) signs are intermediate in density and show a two-fold, sometimes contradictory nature; example: Sagittarius and Gemini. Each of the four elements contains exactly one of each type. Fire: Aries (char), Leo (sthir), Sagittarius (dual). Earth: Capricorn (char), Taurus (sthir), Virgo (dual). Air: Libra (char), Aquarius (sthir), Gemini (dual). Water: Cancer (char), Scorpio (sthir), Pisces (dual). Within earth, density runs highest in fixed Taurus, less in dual Virgo, least in movable Capricorn - a pattern that holds across the elements."
 },
 {
  "category": "Core Concepts",
  "item_key": "ps_karana",
  "title": "Karana: Half of a Tithi",
  "keywords": "karana, sthira karana, chara karana, vishti, bhadra, tithi half",
  "content": "A karana is half of a tithi, so two karanas fall in each lunar day. There are eleven karanas of two kinds. The four fixed (sthira) karanas are Shakuni, Chatushpada, Naga and Kimstughna; these occur only once, around the junction of the dark-fortnight fourteenth, the new moon (amavasya) and the first tithi. The seven movable (chara) karanas are Bava, Balava, Kaulava, Taitila, Gara, Vanija and Vishti; these rotate in a repeating cycle to fill the two halves of the remaining tithis. The panchang tabulates which karana falls in the first and second half of each tithi in both the bright and dark fortnights. Vishti (also called Bhadra) is regarded as inauspicious for beginning works."
 },
 {
  "category": "Core Concepts",
  "item_key": "ps_panchang",
  "title": "The Five Limbs of the Panchang",
  "keywords": "panchang, tithi, vara, nakshatra, yoga, karana, almanac, five limbs",
  "content": "A panchang (almanac) rests on five limbs (panch-anga). (1) Tithi: one-twelfth of the ecliptic distance between the Moon and the Sun; the lunar days Ekam, Bij, Trij and so on, grouped into the bright fortnight Shukla (sud) and the dark fortnight Krishna (vad). (2) Vara: the weekday, measured from one sunrise to the next sunrise, Ravi (Sun), Som (Mon), Mangal (Tue) and so on. (3) Nakshatra: the 13-degree-20-minute segment of the ecliptic on which the Moon stands that day; the time the Moon takes to cross one such segment is its nakshatra-bhoga. (4) Yoga: derived from the combined longitudes of Sun and Moon. (5) Karana: half of a tithi. Together these five give the ritual and astrological character of any day."
 },
 {
  "category": "Core Concepts",
  "item_key": "ps_sign_modality",
  "title": "Sign Modalities and the Three Gunas",
  "keywords": "chara, sthira, dvisvabhava, movable fixed dual, tamas rajas sattva, modality",
  "content": "By mode of action the signs fall into three groups of four, each associated with one of the three gunas. Movable/cardinal (chara), linked with tamas: Mesha, Karka, Tula, Makara; these give mobility, drive, enterprise, boldness and intensity. Fixed (sthira), linked with rajas: Vrishabha, Simha, Vrishchika, Kumbha; these give firmness, practicality, obstinacy and steadiness. Dual/common (dvisvabhava), linked with sattva: Mithuna, Kanya, Dhanu, Meena; these give balance, a middle path, adherence to rule, and intelligence, behaving as fixed in their first half and movable in their second half. Modality is a core key to how a sign expresses its energy."
 },
 {
  "category": "Zodiac & Astronomy",
  "item_key": "ps_ecliptic",
  "title": "The Ecliptic (Kranti-vrut)",
  "keywords": "ecliptic, kranti-vrut, sun path, apparent motion, earth rotation, sidereal year",
  "content": "The Earth rotates on its axis from west to east, so an observer on Earth sees the Sun appear to move from east to west. Against the background of the fixed stars, the Sun traces a definite annual path: a Sun positioned near a particular nakshatra's star returns to that same star after exactly one year, completing one revolution of the celestial sphere. This path is permanent and unchanging, so the stars along it always keep the same relative distances. Because the Sun's path is fixed, it is used as the reference circle for measuring the motion and position of all the other planets. This solar path is called the Kranti-vrut (ecliptic). It is divided into twelve equal parts called rashis (signs) and into twenty-seven equal parts called nakshatras (lunar mansions)."
 },
 {
  "category": "Zodiac & Astronomy",
  "item_key": "ps_grahabhoga",
  "title": "Grahabhoga: Planetary Longitude on the Ecliptic",
  "keywords": "grahabhoga, planetary position, longitude, panchang, projection onto ecliptic, rashi amsha kala vikala",
  "content": "The ecliptic (Kranti-vrut) is strictly the Sun's own path; only the Sun travels exactly along it. The other planets move along their own tracks, which lie close to but not exactly on the ecliptic. To give a single common measure, an almanac (panchang) projects each planet onto the ecliptic: at a given moment the planet is treated as occupying the ecliptic point directly opposite it, and that point is recorded as its position. The distance of that point from the fixed starting position, expressed in rashi, degree (amsha), minute (kala) and second (vikala), is called the planet's Grahabhoga. In this way the position of every planet, though it moves on its own orbit, is stated in one uniform ecliptic coordinate."
 },
 {
  "category": "Zodiac & Astronomy",
  "item_key": "ps_sidereal_start",
  "title": "The Fixed Starting Point of the Zodiac",
  "keywords": "starting point, aarambh sthan, sidereal, fixed zero, measuring signs and nakshatras",
  "content": "On the ecliptic a single fixed starting point (aarambh sthan) is accepted. From this fixed point the counting of both the rashi divisions and the nakshatra divisions begins. Moving eastward from the starting point, each successive 30-degree segment is a rashi and each successive 13-degree-20-minute segment is a nakshatra. Because this zero point is held fixed against the star background, the reckoning is sidereal: signs and nakshatras are anchored to the fixed stars rather than to a moving reference. This fixed origin is what makes the position of every planet a definite, repeatable measurement along the ecliptic."
 },
 {
  "category": "Zodiac & Astronomy",
  "item_key": "ps_zodiac_division",
  "title": "Division of the Zodiac and Units of Arc",
  "keywords": "360 degrees, rashi 30, nakshatra 13-20, amsha, kala, vikala, degrees minutes seconds",
  "content": "The full circle of the ecliptic measures 360 degrees. Dividing it into twelve equal parts gives the twelve rashis (signs), each of 30 degrees. Dividing the same circle into twenty-seven equal parts gives the nakshatras, each spanning 13 degrees 20 minutes (written 13-20). The units of arc are: the degree (amsha), marked with the sign o; the minute or kala, one-sixtieth of a degree, marked with a single stroke; and the second or vikala, one-sixtieth of a minute, marked with a double stroke. Thus 1 rashi = 30 degrees, and 1 nakshatra = 13 degrees 20 minutes. These divisions are the basic measuring grid on which every planetary position is expressed."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "bs_sign_aquarius",
  "title": "Aquarius (Kumbh)",
  "keywords": "aquarius, kumbh, saturn, shani, fixed, sthir, air, water-bearer, spirituality, dominance",
  "content": "Aquarius (Kumbh) is the fixed (sthir) air sign, ruled by Saturn, symbol a man carrying a water-filled pot on his shoulder. Saturn, a fixed and slow planet, makes these natives dry and hoarding, with a strong urge to dominate: in whatever subject they take up they invest full force and demand supremacy, doing whatever it takes to attain it, and they keep permanent enmity with brothers. They are full of mental power, and Saturn turns their rise toward yoga and spirituality. The water-pot symbol shows a self-reliant, unlazy person with a fixed goal who works hard - hence a high chance of success - removing obstacles as they advance. They are adventurous, brave and shrewd calculators; once decided on a path, no persuasion turns them back. Their stability can reach the point of rigidity and inertia; they are stubborn and self-reliant, with some water-element influence. Aquarius is the sign of spirituality and philosophy, and Saturn's own nature is self-knowledge, so true sannyasis and yogis are born here - as are frauds who merely pose as them. They are cunning and hard to catch red-handed. They crave luxury yet feign detachment, value the use of people over emotional bonds, and are drawn to humanitarian ideals and high politics. Their retention power (stambhan) is good, sex is forceful but lacks artistry, favouring direct intercourse."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "bs_sign_aries",
  "title": "Aries (Mesh)",
  "keywords": "aries, mesh, mars, movable, char, fire, ram, anger, impulse",
  "content": "Aries (Mesh) is the movable (char) fire sign, ruled by Mars, symbol the ram. Fire blooms fully here. Mars carries more impulse than Sun or Jupiter, and being movable its main quality is speed - it gains momentum in everything, angers quickly and expresses anger quickly. It shows extreme fickleness that eventually turns to laziness, plus imitation, haste and stubbornness. Aries natives are passionate, adventurous workers with a streak of gambling (reckless ventures), fanatic drive, and an inability to control anger. They believe in military discipline, lack diplomacy, are quarrelsome and impetuous, and cannot tolerate injustice. Sexual desire is excessive - Aries has the most lust of the three fire ascendants - and dissatisfaction of libido leads to depression and possible addiction. Idealism mixes with recklessness and sensuality; they are attracted to beautiful, helpless women. A hostile aspect of Mars or Neptune brings sadism and physical or mental weakness. Aries women are generous, quick to anger and domineering. Health problems include frequent skin diseases, stomach upset, disturbed blood circulation, heart trouble, high blood pressure (low BP in depression) and respiratory complaints."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "bs_sign_cancer",
  "title": "Cancer (Kark)",
  "keywords": "cancer, kark, moon, chandra, movable, char, water, crab, emotion, moods, jealousy",
  "content": "Cancer (Kark) is the movable (char) water sign, ruled by the Moon, symbol the crab. It is the most restless and most receptive of signs, and femininity develops fully here, so feminine qualities appear even in men. Natives are soft, emotional and highly self-surrendering. Restlessness and excess emotionality make their moods swing unpredictably - joy and displeasure both show plainly, for they cannot hide their feelings. Shaped by circumstances, they take and reverse decisions unpredictably, so their word is unreliable. Normally they are enthusiastic, loving and full of desires, but when a desire is frustrated they abandon the effort and often change jobs or business, settling only after a long time. Their habits and inclinations depend heavily on the Moon's sign. Being jealous, they burn in jealousy but can also advance through it, and they live under constant mental tension - the highest proportion of mental patients belong to this ascendant. They think no one is smarter than themselves and so are easily fooled (especially if the Moon is in a fire sign); Cancer women fall quickly for praise of their beauty. Illness is rooted in the mind - disorders of blood circulation, digestion and kapha (phlegm). They want love more than sex, craving deep pure love and protection, and their maternal attachment to home and possessions turns into greed and a possessive, complaining, fault-finding streak."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "bs_sign_capricorn",
  "title": "Capricorn (Makar)",
  "keywords": "capricorn, makar, saturn, shani, movable, char, earth, crocodile, selfishness, security",
  "content": "Capricorn (Makar) is the movable (char) earth sign, ruled by Saturn, symbol a deer-faced crocodile, and carries the least density of the earth signs. Natives have broad, barely sloping shoulders and a wide chest. Selfishness is heightened and they are the maximum safety-seekers - risk-averse, calculating, and so over-cautious that they become crafty and hypocritical. Being movable they want everything done quickly, with quick-paying plans, and their interest is only in the present; they are short-sighted, short-term thinkers marked by Saturn's greed, selfishness and dullness. They are conservative and spend on religion, though this is a pretense - real religiousness is absent, only its appearance, which they perform well. They are enthusiastic and industrious, stick to and complete the task at hand, but will not undertake unprofitable work or work that only benefits the future. They know politics but always with a short-sighted aim. In sex they have nothing to do with love, enjoying it only when 'hungry' and putting their own satisfaction first; homosexuality and sadism are possible. They believe money is the foundation of all happiness. If Capricorn is afflicted, the native becomes narrow-minded, miserly, harsh and vengeful about justice, never forgiving and giving no second chance."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "bs_sign_gemini",
  "title": "Gemini (Mithun)",
  "keywords": "gemini, mithun, mercury, dual, dwisvabhava, air, diplomacy, intellect, analysis",
  "content": "Gemini (Mithun) is the dual (dwisvabhava) air sign, ruled by Mercury, symbol a mace-bearing man and a veena-playing woman. Its main quality is intellectual ascent; mental power is greater than Libra's but less than Aquarius's. Natives have good height, broad chest and sloping shoulders and can become the finest statesmen and diplomats, their intelligence striking the target. The symbol shows a cultivated, strong body (mace-bearer) and, in women, intellectual height joined with art (the veena). They give first priority to their own interest and pursue it very cleverly, granting others small gains to secure a large gain for themselves; even their generosity is calculated. Command of language keeps their speech minimal and apt, and they hide the depth of their mind, which is hard to fathom. They are far-sighted and highly systematic. They do not express anger outwardly but suppress it and release it at the right moment, uprooting the one they have marked - epitomes of lethalness. Neither religious nor atheist, they accept only what the intellect admits. Sometimes cruel and unfeeling, they are analytical and logical to a fault, wanting a reason for everything, and change their values with time and circumstance. A malefic link to the ascendant lord can pull them toward crime or theft; they can even keep two wives without either knowing."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "bs_sign_leo",
  "title": "Leo (Sinh)",
  "keywords": "leo, sinh, sun, fixed, sthir, fire, lion, stability, leadership, self-respect",
  "content": "Leo (Sinh) is the fixed (sthir) fire sign, ruled by the Sun, symbol the lion. 'Grip' is the quality of fixity, so there is stability even in anger: it does not flare easily, but once roused it does not subside. Firmness, practicality, tolerance, cunning, steadfastness and stubbornness are marked, along with lion-like courage, large-heartedness, self-respect and a protective instinct. Leo desires leadership or chairmanship, works in a planned, systematic way, and puts its own prestige first. Nature is a mix of tamoguna and rajoguna. Self-confidence is high but overconfidence trips them up, and they trust others readily and get deceived. They judge impartially, are self-reliant, dutiful and self-sacrificing, with a good thyroid gland. Though cold on the surface, inside they are like an erupting volcano; they are helpful, philanthropic, fearless and loyal. Sexual impulse is proportionate with no premature ejaculation, but a strong sense of ownership makes them treat a spouse as property and try to dominate, raising divorce risk. They have deep love for children and a royal style even in love. Leo women have excellent management skills, hospitality, a firm mind and strong willpower."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "bs_sign_libra",
  "title": "Libra (Tula)",
  "keywords": "tula, libra, venus, movable, char, air, scales, luxury, sociable, extravagant",
  "content": "Libra (Tula) is the movable (char) air sign, ruled by Venus, symbol a man holding a balance/scales. Air means restlessness, and being movable adds speed, so these natives walk, speak and work quickly. They are of medium height and build, smart and highly enthusiastic, with a very extravagant hand and boundless generosity toward friends. They are cheerful but lack a fixed goal, and mental development is low. Venus gives a craving to rise in luxury and money; the scales give a business mind and a judicial sense. They are carefree, unworried about tomorrow, wanting only to enjoy today. They are clever and sexual, enjoying the company of both men and women (more so women), with an innate attraction and love of all beauty and art. Their friend-circle is of the wealthy, artists and the powerful. Their language is effective; they are fond of clothes and grooming, sociable and life-loving, and lend money then forget it. They work heartily only under a responsible superior. Their religiosity extends only to spending and displaying luxury, and they are careless of others' sorrows, avoiding physical labour and wanting assistants. Sex is moderate (not being Mars-ruled, premature ejaculation is less likely); they crave sympathy, love and understanding. Extreme depression can bring mental illness, digestive trouble, low blood pressure and sexual difficulties."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "bs_sign_pisces",
  "title": "Pisces (Meen)",
  "keywords": "pisces, meen, jupiter, guru, dual, dwisvabhava, water, fish, last sign, emotional, talkative",
  "content": "Pisces (Meen) is the dual (dwisvabhava) water sign, ruled by Jupiter, symbol the fish. As the last, twelfth sign it carries the outlook of a person facing death - a long past behind and a very short future ahead - so natives do not plan, thinking only of immediate gain. Rich in experience, they love to advise, always with examples and illustrations, and are extremely talkative; for them silence is the worst punishment. When afraid they become intensely devout. Their mind is somewhat disorganized; they insist others follow rules but dislike rules for themselves, think themselves very wise, see faults in others, and believe the whole world - not they - needs reform. Brave at the start, they feel greater despair in failure and turn destructive in it, and always look to their own interest first. As the twelfth sign corresponds to the twelfth house of the natural chart, they are thoroughly religious, more so in fear, giving priority to worship and devotion, and their anger is expressed only through speech. They act with emotional foolishness, are charitable, expect sympathy, are good hosts, very imaginative and peace-loving with strong intuition, but not practical or efficient. Unable to resist temptation, emotional urges can lead them to alcohol and cheap sex. Intolerance in both sexes leaves marital happiness lacking. In sex they take religion's support, enjoyment is low, and sex life is somehow deficient."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "bs_sign_sagittarius",
  "title": "Sagittarius (Dhan)",
  "keywords": "sagittarius, dhanu, dhan, jupiter, guru, dual, dwisvabhava, fire, archer, spirituality",
  "content": "Sagittarius (Dhan) is the dual (dwisvabhava) fire sign, ruled by Jupiter, symbol a half-man half-horse aiming an arrow on a bow. Here the Brahmin planet Jupiter combines with fire: calm and composed until angered, then becoming like Durvasa, Chanakya or Parashurama, driven to uproot and destroy the enemy. A blend of tamo, rajo and sattva gunas and the dual nature produce a contradictory personality; they forgive an enemy who bows. Jupiter pulls them toward spirituality while fire pulls toward anger and indulgence, creating constant inner conflict so they can commit fully to neither path, feel dissatisfaction and resentment, and fall behind in gaining wealth - though such depression is brief. Per Guru Kanubhai Soni, most Sagittarius natives are unsuccessful in careers; the few who succeed do so only after great struggle (e.g. Sayaji Rao Gaikwad). They are moderate, principled, orthodox, religious and intelligent, full of vigour and creative energy. The horse signifies work-power and loyalty, yet like a horse they forget everything when the object of lust appears. They are solitary lovers with few friends, freedom-loving, and want a healthy, virtuous, selfless wife."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "bs_sign_scorpio",
  "title": "Scorpio (Vrishchik)",
  "keywords": "scorpio, vrishchik, mars, mangal, fixed, sthir, water, scorpion, stinging, jealousy, secrecy",
  "content": "Scorpio (Vrishchik) is the fixed (sthir) water sign, ruled by Mars, symbol the scorpion. Natives may have good height, a broad chest and plump body; they have 'the face of a tiger and the mind of a jackal.' Though the sign is fixed, its lord Mars makes them stinging and hasty - brave at the start but then suspicious of the outcome. They are superstitious and self-willed, fond of a royal lifestyle and of flattery, yet not deceived by it. They cannot bear solitude and have an extravagant hand. Fear for reputation makes them blackmail-able, but they will destroy a blackmailer who is caught. With Libra's Mars in the ascendant they live like a king, overspend on their own praise (so accumulate less wealth) and are extremely sexual, capable of going to the point of rape and losing all discretion. Religiosity is conventional and outward; deceptive sadhus are born here. Rahu in the ascendant makes women intensely religious. Life either rises very high or sinks to the lowest depths. Unable to control lust, they marry where more wealth lies - money and position being the main motive. Scorpio women are very jealous, proud and domineering, hard to win over, with deep, long-lasting love and hatred. Marriage is either extremely happy or extremely unhappy; a malefic ascendant can bring crime, tragedy, depression and possible homosexuality. Retention power is good and they rarely stray."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "bs_sign_taurus",
  "title": "Taurus (Vrishabh)",
  "keywords": "taurus, vrishabh, venus, fixed, sthir, earth, nandi, bull, luxury, security",
  "content": "Taurus (Vrishabh) is the fixed (sthir) earth sign, ruled by Venus, symbol Nandi the bull, and carries the highest density of the earth signs. Natives are of medium or slightly above-medium height with broad shoulders and chest, mostly good-looking with a dark, shining body. They are very determined and clear about what they want and are. Desire for luxury is high and an artistic sense shows in all their work. They are orderly, few in speech, security-seeking, reserved, and avoid physical and mental exertion. Fully self-centred and selfish but polished enough not to show it, they are fond of fine clothes without flashiness, moderate in speech and laughter, keep secrets, and do not come into close contact easily. They are slow to get excited but then act with full enthusiasm and high industriousness, always completing what they begin. Sexual power is abundant (the bull), needing a favourable, artistic environment; it can sometimes turn very cold, and loyalty and deep, intense feeling prevail. Money matters greatly in their marriage. They do not grasp pure love, showing affection according to a person's usefulness, and place the most faith in themselves rather than in God. They are strictly religious, but with a taste for splendour."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "bs_sign_virgo",
  "title": "Virgo (Kanya)",
  "keywords": "virgo, kanya, mercury, dual, dwisvabhava, earth, maiden, argumentation, criticism, perfection",
  "content": "Virgo (Kanya) is the dual (dwisvabhava) earth sign, ruled by Mercury, symbol a maiden seated in a boat holding a veena in one hand and a firepot with grain in the other. The earth quality of argumentation develops most fully here. Three main threads define the native: conditional love (they give love but long for love in return), assertion of self-perceived truth (honouring truth and disliking wrongdoing), and insistence on character (contempt for those lacking integrity, which they cannot hide). They are never satisfied because they see a flaw in everything. Usually of medium or short, thin build, they are loquacious, unable to control the tongue, and speak with piercing accuracy. They are very enthusiastic and interested in many subjects, especially art and literature, and crave fame in their chosen field; if fame is denied they grow depressed and lose interest. Enthusiasm is visible but stability is low, so hobbies change. They have good language skills, plan and manage well, but show contempt for politics and politicians. More emotional than they appear, they grumble, criticize and refuse to delegate. Possible health problems are low blood pressure and anemia (lack of red blood cells); if Mars falls in the ascendant, more sex and more disease."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "ps_rashi_list",
  "title": "The Twelve Signs and Their Name-Syllables",
  "keywords": "rashi, twelve signs, namakshar, name syllable, mesha to meena, degrees per sign",
  "content": "There are twelve rashis (signs), each spanning 30 degrees of the ecliptic, listed with the birth-name syllables (namakshar) traditionally assigned to them: 1 Mesha/Aries 0-30 deg (A, La, I); 2 Vrishabha/Taurus 30-60 (Ba, Va, U); 3 Mithuna/Gemini 60-90 (Ka, Chha, Gha); 4 Karka/Cancer 90-120 (Da, Ha); 5 Simha/Leo 120-150 (Ma, Ta); 6 Kanya/Virgo 150-180 (Pa, Tha, Na); 7 Tula/Libra 180-210 (Ra, Ta); 8 Vrishchika/Scorpio 210-240 (Na, Ya); 9 Dhanu/Sagittarius 240-270 (Bha, Dha, Pha, Dha); 10 Makara/Capricorn 270-300 (Kha, Ja); 11 Kumbha/Aquarius 300-330 (Ga, Sa, Sha); 12 Meena/Pisces 330-360 (Da, Cha, Jha, Tha). Each sign carries a symbol, such as the ram for Mesha and the fish-pair for Meena."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "ps_sign_directions",
  "title": "Directional Rulership of the Signs",
  "keywords": "sign direction, disha, east south west north, rashi direction",
  "content": "The twelve signs are grouped by cardinal direction, three signs to each direction, following the fire-earth-air-water order. East (Purva): Mesha, Simha, Dhanu. South (Dakshin): Vrishabha, Kanya, Makara. West (Pashchim): Mithuna, Tula, Kumbha. North (Uttar): Karka, Vrishchika, Meena. A sign is considered strong when a matter or a planet relates to its own direction, and this directional scheme is used in prashna (horary) and muhurta work as well as in judging the orientation of places and events."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "ps_sign_gender",
  "title": "Male and Female Signs",
  "keywords": "male sign, female sign, odd even signs, purusha rashi, stri rashi, polarity",
  "content": "The signs are divided by gender according to whether they are odd or even numbered. The male (purusha) signs are the odd-numbered ones: Mesha, Mithuna, Simha, Tula, Dhanu and Kumbha; they carry qualities of assertion, authority, initiative, creation and self-will. The female (stri) signs are the even-numbered ones: Vrishabha, Karka, Kanya, Vrishchika, Makara and Meena; they carry qualities of gentleness, fertility, endurance, restraint and service. This alternating polarity runs through the whole zodiac and is one of the basic classifications used in judging temperament and in matching."
 },
 {
  "category": "Signs (Rashi)",
  "item_key": "ps_sign_lords",
  "title": "Ruling Planets of the Signs",
  "keywords": "sign lord, rashi swami, planetary rulership, adhipati graha",
  "content": "Each sign has a ruling planet (adhipati / rashi-swami). Mesha (Aries) is ruled by Mangal (Mars); Vrishabha (Taurus) by Shukra (Venus); Mithuna (Gemini) by Budha (Mercury); Karka (Cancer) by Chandra (Moon); Simha (Leo) by Surya (Sun); Kanya (Virgo) by Budha (Mercury); Tula (Libra) by Shukra (Venus); Vrishchika (Scorpio) by Mangal (Mars); Dhanu (Sagittarius) by Guru (Jupiter); Makara (Capricorn) by Shani (Saturn); Kumbha (Aquarius) by Shani (Saturn); Meena (Pisces) by Guru (Jupiter). The text also assigns modern co-rulers: Rahu to Kanya, Uranus (Harshal) to Kumbha, Pluto to Vrishchika and Neptune to Meena. The Sun and Moon each rule a single sign, while the other classical planets each rule two."
 },
 {
  "category": "Elements",
  "item_key": "bs_element_air",
  "title": "Air Element (Vayu Tattva)",
  "keywords": "vayu tattva, air element, motion, upward, self-confidence, imagination, intelligence",
  "content": "The natural quality of the Air element (Vayu tattva) is motion, and its motion is upward (urdhva). Rising - and the longing to rise - is its defining characteristic, whether worldly/material height or the height of yoga and spirituality. Enthusiasm and self-confidence are innate. Air natives have a strong chance of success and feel the joy of achievement even when they rise only to a low station. Just as heated air grows lighter and rises higher, these natives push forward all the harder the more they suffer; if bound and directed they become a concentrated force, and if blocked their power increases greatly. They are fickle, imaginative and intelligent, with a knack for slipping away (escapism), equanimity and scholarship, though they can also deceive. They tend to be extravagant. Their anger exists but is cold and rarely shows outwardly. Religiosity is present in all three air signs but takes different forms. They are sexual and likely to be artists in sex, and are fertile regarding children. It contains Gemini (Mercury, dual), Libra (Venus, movable) and Aquarius (Saturn, fixed)."
 },
 {
  "category": "Elements",
  "item_key": "bs_element_earth",
  "title": "Earth Element (Prithvi Tattva)",
  "keywords": "prithvi tattva, earth element, mamatva, possessiveness, security, argumentation, density",
  "content": "The Earth element (Prithvi tattva) is summed up in one word: 'mamatva' (mine-ness/possessiveness). The natural priority is self first, then one's own family, then one's own caste, with little concern beyond that. Prithvi means dharana - to hold and nurture - and represents inertia, density, metals and inert matter. It catches heat quickly but releases it slowly. Earth natives are self-centred and security-seeking, cautious and caring, avoid risk, and prefer only calculated ventures. They have hoarding tendencies, are far-sighted and think long-term. Anger rises slowly but does not subside quickly. A defining quality is argumentativeness, which develops most in Virgo; they avoid physical fights and flee such scenes, preferring word-wars and sharp arguments. A Mars-Mercury conjunction sharpens their reasoning enough to make good lawyers; in opposition it produces sophistry that passes false argument as truth. Enthusiasm, constancy, industriousness and determination bring them success. Mars (Bhumiputra) and Saturn (linked to vegetation, wood and minerals) are specially connected to this element. It contains Taurus (Venus, fixed), Virgo (Mercury, dual) and Capricorn (Saturn, movable)."
 },
 {
  "category": "Elements",
  "item_key": "bs_element_fire",
  "title": "Fire Element (Agni Tattva)",
  "keywords": "agni tattva, fire element, aham, ego, anger, pitta prakriti, temperament",
  "content": "The Fire element (Agni tattva) is summed up in one word: 'aham' (ego/I-ness). Its core traits are anger, blind faith, haste, imitation and a pitta (bilious) constitution. Fire natives are especially quick to anger, which makes speech unrestrained and leads to quarrels, fights and even court cases. The mind is weak and irritable, with a tendency toward a superiority complex (gurutagranthi) and strong desires. Digestive fire (jatharagni) is strong in youth but weakens with age. They love spicy, salty and sweet food, work hard physically and mentally, and are simple, naive, generous and extravagant, yet hasty and imitative, often acting without planning. Physically they have good height and an oval face, dislike sitting still, and radiate vigour, speed, power, enthusiasm, prowess, adventure and creative energy. The three fire signs increase in fieriness in order: Aries, then Leo, then Sagittarius. It contains Aries (Mars, movable), Leo (Sun, fixed) and Sagittarius (Jupiter, dual)."
 },
 {
  "category": "Elements",
  "item_key": "bs_element_water",
  "title": "Water Element (Jal Tattva)",
  "keywords": "jal tattva, water element, sangdosh, emotion, intuition, surrender, feminine",
  "content": "The Water element (Jal tattva) is special: water has no colour, shape, taste or smell. Its main quality is to take on the properties of whatever it is mixed with and the shape of whatever holds it. So water natives absorb the virtues and faults of the company they keep (sangdosh), and because water flows downward they quickly pick up bad influences. They heat and cool quickly, anger quickly and calm quickly, and lack stability. Water gives coolness and peace, so those in their company feel calmed and refreshed. General traits are sensitivity, emotionality, peace, imagination, shyness, humanity, a spirit of service, intuition (antahsphurana), a mysterious mind and laziness. The basic nature is peace of the soul and detachment (nirlepta), which is eroded by company. This element produces the finest saints and self-realized beings but also devils and dictators. Being the most fertile, feminine element, its natives are soft, surrendering, with limited goals, and are fearful, jealous, suspicious and imitative - brave at the start but then haunted by fear of failure. It contains Cancer (Moon, movable), Scorpio (Mars, fixed) and Pisces (Jupiter, dual)."
 },
 {
  "category": "Elements",
  "item_key": "ps_elements_four",
  "title": "The Four Elements of the Signs (Tattvas)",
  "keywords": "agni, prithvi, vayu, jala, fire earth air water, tattva, sign elements",
  "content": "The twelve signs are grouped into four elements (tattvas), three signs each. Fire (Agni): Mesha, Simha, Dhanu; fertile and energetic, giving heat, drive, courage, growth, change and progressiveness, the fire increasing from Mesha to Simha to Dhanu. Earth (Prithvi): Vrishabha, Kanya, Makara; calm, enduring, hard-working, persevering, practical and self-protective, but somewhat rigid and acquisitive. Air (Vayu): Mithuna, Tula, Kumbha; restless and mental, giving imagination, communication, intellect, adaptability and cleverness. Water (Jala): Karka, Vrishchika, Meena; sensitive and emotional, giving feeling, calm depth, imagination, humanitarian and service-minded temperament, intuition, but also shyness and inertia. The element sets the fundamental temperament of each sign."
 },
 {
  "category": "Planets (Graha)",
  "item_key": "ps_graha_caste_gender",
  "title": "Planetary Rulership over Castes and Genders",
  "keywords": "planet caste, varna, gender rulership, brahmin kshatriya shudra, adhipatitva",
  "content": "Planets rule over classes of people and over gender. By gender and type: Chandra and Shukra rule women; Mangal rules the warriors (kshatriya); Budha and Shani rule the neuter/eunuch; Chandra also rules courtesans; Surya, Mangal and Guru rule men; Budha rules the shudra class; Guru and Shukra rule the brahmins; Shani rules the mixed caste (sankar jati). These rulerships help identify the kind of person or social group a planet represents when interpreting significations in a chart."
 },
 {
  "category": "Planets (Graha)",
  "item_key": "ps_graha_combustion",
  "title": "Combustion (Asta) Distances from the Sun",
  "keywords": "asta, combustion, combust planet, degrees from sun, kalansh, retrograde",
  "content": "A planet is considered combust (asta) and weakened when it comes within a certain number of degrees of the Sun. The limiting distances are: Moon 12 degrees, Mars 17, Mercury 13, Jupiter 11, Venus 15, Saturn 15, retrograde (vakri) Mercury 12, and retrograde Venus 8. Within these ranges the planet is 'set' in the Sun's glare and loses strength to give its results. Combustion is one of the standard conditions checked when assessing a planet's ability to deliver its natural significations."
 },
 {
  "category": "Planets (Graha)",
  "item_key": "ps_graha_dignities",
  "title": "Planetary Dignities: Own, Exaltation, Debilitation, Mulatrikona",
  "keywords": "swagruhi, uchcha, nicha, mulatrikona, exaltation degree, debilitation, own sign",
  "content": "Each planet has signs of dignity, with exact exaltation and debilitation degrees. Surya: own Simha, exalted Mesha (10 deg), debilitated Tula (10 deg), mulatrikona Simha 0-20 deg. Chandra: own Karka, exalted Vrishabha (3 deg), debilitated Vrishchika (3 deg), mulatrikona Vrishabha 3-27 deg. Mangal: own Mesha and Vrishchika, exalted Makara (28 deg), debilitated Karka (28 deg), mulatrikona Mesha 0-12 deg. Budha: own Mithuna and Kanya, exalted Kanya (15 deg), debilitated Meena (15 deg), mulatrikona Kanya 15-20 deg. Guru: own Dhanu and Meena, exalted Karka (5 deg), debilitated Makara (5 deg), mulatrikona Dhanu 0-20 deg. Shukra: own Vrishabha and Tula, exalted Meena (27 deg), debilitated Kanya (27 deg), mulatrikona Tula 0-20 deg. Shani: own Makara and Kumbha, exalted Tula (20 deg), debilitated Mesha (20 deg), mulatrikona Kumbha 0-20 deg. Rahu: exalted Mithuna (15 deg), debilitated Dhanu (15 deg)."
 },
 {
  "category": "Planets (Graha)",
  "item_key": "ps_graha_list",
  "title": "The Grahas and Their Benefic-Malefic Nature",
  "keywords": "graha, nine planets, rahu ketu, outer planets, saumya, papa, benefic malefic",
  "content": "This system counts twelve grahas: Surya (Sun), Chandra (Moon), Mangal (Mars), Budha (Mercury), Guru (Jupiter), Shukra (Venus), Shani (Saturn), Rahu, Ketu, and the three modern additions Harshal (Uranus), Neptune and Pluto. By nature they are graded as benefic and malefic. The benefics (saumya) are Chandra, Budha, Guru and Shukra. The malefics (papa) are Mangal, Shani, Rahu and Ketu, with the Sun classed as a cruel (krura) planet. A waning Moon (kshina Chandra) is counted as malefic. Mercury is variable, becoming benefic with benefics and malefic with malefics. This benefic/malefic grading is a first key to judging a planet's effect."
 },
 {
  "category": "Planets (Graha)",
  "item_key": "ps_jupiter_guru",
  "title": "Guru (Jupiter)",
  "keywords": "guru, brihaspati, jupiter, wisdom, dharma, children, wealth, expansion, sagittarius pisces",
  "content": "Guru (Brihaspati) is the preceptor and minister of the gods. He signifies wisdom, dharma, religion, higher knowledge, teachers and advisers, children, wealth, saving, good judgement, expansion, protection and the sky and its phenomena. He rules judges, priests, scholars, legislators and public and religious institutions; his colour is yellow. A great benefic of the brahmin class, he governs conditions such as obesity and hernia and tendencies to greed. Own signs Dhanu and Meena, exalted in Karka (5 deg), debilitated in Makara (5 deg); mulatrikona in Dhanu. He is karaka of houses 2, 5, 9, 10 and 11 and stays about thirteen months in each sign."
 },
 {
  "category": "Planets (Graha)",
  "item_key": "ps_ketu",
  "title": "Ketu (the South Node)",
  "keywords": "ketu, south node, dragon tail, moksha, spirituality, occult, detachment, sudden events",
  "content": "Ketu, the Dragon's Tail, is a shadow planet and the southern lunar node. He is called the significator of moksha (liberation) and of knowledge, acting for no selfish end. He signifies suddenness, spirituality, knowledge of the supreme, occult and mantra sciences, counsel, detachment, great austerity, skin diseases, and sudden serious illness that he can also suddenly remove. His gem is cat's-eye (vaidurya), metal bronze, of airy nature. A malefic representing the mixed caste, he works in all directions and his place shows where sudden reversals come. Own sign Meena, exalted in Dhanu, mulatrikona Kanya; he stays about eighteen months in each sign. His blow is that of a weapon, and his bhagyodaya year is 48."
 },
 {
  "category": "Planets (Graha)",
  "item_key": "ps_mars_mangala",
  "title": "Mangal (Mars)",
  "keywords": "mangal, mars, senapati, courage, energy, coral, aries scorpio, karaka 3 6",
  "content": "Mangal is the army commander (senapati) among the planets and lord of the south. He signifies energy, courage, aggression, drive, enthusiasm, disputes, younger siblings, land and construction, machinery, soldiers and police, surgery and accidents from sharp weapons, fire or electricity. He is a fiery (pitta) planet of the kshatriya class, tamasic in temperament, and rules the flesh and marrow; in the blood he is the red cells. His gem is coral (praval), his metal gold, his number 9. Own signs Mesha and Vrishchika, exalted in Makara (28 deg), debilitated in Karka; mulatrikona in Mesha. He is karaka of houses 3 and 6 and stays about 40 days in each sign. Bhagyodaya year 28."
 },
 {
  "category": "Planets (Graha)",
  "item_key": "ps_mercury_budha",
  "title": "Budha (Mercury)",
  "keywords": "budha, mercury, intellect, speech, commerce, communication, nerves, gemini virgo",
  "content": "Budha signifies intellect, memory, speech, learning, commerce, writing, mathematics, communication, cleverness and skill, and he governs the nervous system and the skin. He rules brokerage, agency, transport, teaching, accountancy, publishing and trade. Of neuter gender, he is a variable planet: benefic in the company of benefics and malefic in the company of malefics. He represents the shudra class. Own signs Mithuna and Kanya, exalted in Kanya (15 deg), debilitated in Meena (15 deg); mulatrikona in Kanya. He is karaka of houses 4 and 10. Budha is closely tied to youthfulness, quickness and adaptability, but also to indecision."
 },
 {
  "category": "Planets (Graha)",
  "item_key": "ps_moon_chandra",
  "title": "Chandra (the Moon)",
  "keywords": "chandra, moon, mana, mother, emotions, pearl, cancer, water, karaka 4",
  "content": "Chandra is the queen among the planets and lord of the north-west. She signifies the mind (mana), the mother, emotions, imagination, nurturing, fluids and the body itself, and she governs the blood. A benefic and sattvic planet of the vaishya class and watery nature, the waning Moon is however counted as malefic. Being nearest to the Earth she gives the strongest and quickest effects, and because she is watery she readily takes on the influence of other planets; the placement of the Moon shows the state of the mind. Her gem is the pearl (moti), metal silver, numbers 2 and 7. Own sign Karka, exalted in Vrishabha, debilitated in Vrishchika; karaka of the 4th house, she stays about two and a quarter days in each sign. Bhagyodaya year 24."
 },
 {
  "category": "Planets (Graha)",
  "item_key": "ps_outer_planets",
  "title": "The Modern Planets: Uranus, Neptune and Pluto",
  "keywords": "harshal, uranus, neptune, varuna, pluto, yama, outer planets, modern additions, generational",
  "content": "Three outer planets are added to the classical scheme. Harshal (Uranus), called Prajapati and discovered in 1781, stays about 7 years in a sign; he is a rebellious, revolutionary planet of destruction and new creation, ruling sudden upheavals, invention, technology, electricity, democracy and independence, and giving strange, incurable and nervous ailments. Own sign Kumbha; his gem is alexandrite. Neptune (Varuna), ruled by Jupiter, stays about 14 years in a sign; he governs intuition, mysticism, dreams, music, the sea, hidden and long-term matters, delusion and deception, and drugs. Own sign Meena; gem opal. Pluto (Yama), discovered in 1930, takes about 243 to 246 years for one revolution; he rules mass destruction and renewal, deep transformation, upheaval and regeneration. Own sign Vrishchika; gem amethyst. These are treated as modern additions to Vedic astrology."
 },
 {
  "category": "Planets (Graha)",
  "item_key": "ps_rahu",
  "title": "Rahu (the North Node)",
  "keywords": "rahu, north node, dragon head, shadow planet, deception, obsession, foreign, materialism",
  "content": "Rahu, the Dragon's Head, is a shadow planet and one of the lunar nodes. He signifies confusion, deception, cunning, rumour, false argument, gambling, craving, greed, obsession, snakes, black-marketing, impurity, addiction, poison, strong ambition and power, and occult and mantra practices; his blows are those of words and trickery rather than open force. A malefic, he casts no recognised aspect. In this text he is given own sign Kanya, exalted in Mithuna (15 deg), debilitated in Dhanu (15 deg), with mulatrikona in Kanya, and he stays about eighteen months in each sign. Rahu and Ketu are twin brothers of equal power but opposite methods."
 },
 {
  "category": "Planets (Graha)",
  "item_key": "ps_saturn_shani",
  "title": "Shani (Saturn)",
  "keywords": "shani, saturn, sorrow, longevity, discipline, delay, servants, detachment, capricorn aquarius",
  "content": "Shani signifies sorrow, poverty, longevity, servants and labour, machinery, coldness, old age, depth, seriousness, delay, laziness, service, detachment through reflection, renunciation, superstition and old ways, and philosophy. He rules iron, leather, hardware, minerals, mines, coal, farming, building materials and land; he stands for hard work, thoroughness, meticulousness and for theft, gambling and miserliness. A malefic of the mixed caste, slow-moving, he gives results only over a long time. Own signs Makara and Kumbha, exalted in Tula (20 deg), debilitated in Mesha (20 deg); mulatrikona in Kumbha. He is karaka of houses 6, 8, 10 and 12 and stays about two and a half years in each sign, being responsible for chronic disease."
 },
 {
  "category": "Planets (Graha)",
  "item_key": "ps_sun_surya",
  "title": "Surya (the Sun)",
  "keywords": "surya, sun, atma, father, authority, ruby, leo, sattva, karaka 1 9 10",
  "content": "Surya is the king among the planets and lord of the east. He signifies the soul (atma), the father, authority, government position, vitality, power, prestige, discipline and creative force. He is a sattvic planet of the kshatriya class, of pitta (fiery) nature, and rules the bones in the body; he governs diseases of the head and eyes and the heart. His gem is the ruby (manek), his metal gold, his numbers 1 and 4. He is strong in the tenth house and in the south. Own sign Simha, exalted in Mesha, debilitated in Tula; he is karaka of houses 1, 9 and 10 and stays about one month in each sign. His bhagyodaya (rise of fortune) year is 22."
 },
 {
  "category": "Planets (Graha)",
  "item_key": "ps_venus_shukra",
  "title": "Shukra (Venus)",
  "keywords": "shukra, venus, spouse, luxury, arts, music, vehicles, love, taurus libra, karaka 7",
  "content": "Shukra signifies luxury, the spouse, vehicles, comfort, enjoyment, jewellery, music, arts, learning, affection and pure love, vitality and lustre, perfumes, silver, poetry and beautiful things. He rules artists, actors, traders, decorators, fashion, dairy and matrimonial matters; an afflicted Venus can indicate vice and secret diseases. A benefic of the brahmin class, he is a significator for women. Own signs Vrishabha and Tula, exalted in Meena (27 deg), debilitated in Kanya (27 deg); mulatrikona in Tula. He is karaka of the 7th house and stays about one month in each sign. Because the Sun dislikes indulgence, a Sun-Venus conjunction is held to be unfruitful."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "bp_house_1",
  "title": "First House (Tanu / Lagna Bhava)",
  "keywords": "first house, lagna, tanu bhava, body, health, appearance, longevity, physique",
  "content": "The first bhava (Tanu or Lagna) is judged for the physical body, health, bodily comfort (deha-sukha), physical appearance, and general vitality. When the lagnesh (lord of the ascendant) occupies a kendra (1, 4, 7, 10) or trikona (5, 9), the native enjoys bodily comfort; if the lagnesh is joined by malefics and sits in a dusthana (6, 8, 12), bodily comfort is denied. A lagnesh that is combust (astangata), in fall (neecha), or in an enemy sign makes the body disease-prone. Benefics in a kendra or trikona remove ailments. A benefic in the lagna makes the native handsome; a cruel or malefic planet there makes the native ugly. If the lagna or Moon is joined by or aspected by malefics without any benefic aspect, physical well-being suffers. When the lagnesh, or Mercury, Jupiter or Venus, sits in a kendra or trikona, the native becomes long-lived, intelligent, wealthy and dear to authority. All results read from the lagna may equally be read from the Moon sign."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "bp_house_10",
  "title": "Tenth House (Karma Bhava)",
  "keywords": "tenth house, karma bhava, profession, career, honor, fame, deeds, kirti, father",
  "content": "The tenth bhava (Karma or Vyoma) is judged for kingdom/authority, ambition, deeds and profession, the father, honour (sammana), fame and reputation (yasha, kirti), and debts. When the karmesh (10th lord) is in own sign, exalted, strong in navamsha, the native becomes renowned, does auspicious deeds and enjoys the father's happiness. A weak karmesh makes the native devoid of good action; joined with benefics in an auspicious place it brings gain through trade and from authority, and the reverse gives opposite results. Malefics in the 10th and 11th make the native a wrongdoer and an enemy of his own people. A karmesh exalted with Jupiter, and the bhagyesh in the 10th, makes the native proud, majestic and prosperous. When the karmesh is in a kendra or trikona, exalted and aspected by Jupiter, the native is diligent and dutiful; the relationship of the lagnesh and karmesh should be examined for further results."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "bp_house_11",
  "title": "Eleventh House (Labha Bhava)",
  "keywords": "eleventh house, labha bhava, gains, income, profit, fulfillment, desires, wealth",
  "content": "The eleventh bhava (Labha) is judged for gains and income, the fulfilment of desires, and prosperity of many kinds, including sons, spouse, income and livestock. When the 11th is auspicious, the native is always happy. If the labhesh (11th lord) is in the lagna, a kendra or trikona, exalted, or in a Leo navamsha, the native obtains great gains. A labhesh in the 2nd with the dhanesh in a kendra and Jupiter in the 11th gives very large gains. An exchange of the 2nd and 11th lords makes the native very fortunate after marriage. When the tritiyesh is in the 11th and the labhesh in the 3rd, the native gains wealth and fine ornaments through siblings. But a labhesh in fall or combust, in a dusthana (6, 8, 12), or joined with malefics, denies gains despite much effort."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "bp_house_12",
  "title": "Twelfth House (Vyaya Bhava)",
  "keywords": "twelfth house, vyaya bhava, expenditure, loss, moksha, foreign travel, liberation, hell",
  "content": "The twelfth bhava (Vyaya) is judged for expenditure and loss, secret enemies, death and the attaining of heaven or hell, indulgence, vices and addictions, foreign residence and liberation (moksha). When the vyayesh (12th lord) is in own sign or exalted, joined or aspected by benefics, with a benefic in the 12th, spending goes to auspicious causes. A benefic in the 12th with an exalted, benefic-joined vyayesh grants moksha. A vyayesh with malefics, and the 12th afflicted by malefics, makes the native wander from land to land; benefic influence on the 12th sends the native abroad honourably. Rahu with Mars, Saturn and Sun in the 12th, and the vyayesh combust with the Sun, sends the native to a hellish state. A vyayesh in a kendra or trikona makes the native content with only his own wedded wife. All twelve houses may likewise be read for relatives by taking each relevant house as the lagna."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "bp_house_2",
  "title": "Second House (Dhana Bhava)",
  "keywords": "second house, dhana bhava, wealth, money, eyes, speech, family, education",
  "content": "The second bhava (Dhana) is judged for wealth, accumulated money, the eyes, speech, and family. When the dhanesh (2nd lord) sits in the 2nd, or in a kendra or trikona, wealth increases; if it falls in a dusthana (6, 8, 12), wealth is lost. A benefic in the 2nd grants wealth, a malefic destroys it. If the dhanesh is in own sign or deep exaltation and aspected by Jupiter, the native supports others and becomes famous and beloved by all. A dhanesh strong in vargas (six or more varga-bala) brings all kinds of prosperity with little effort. A strong dhanesh gives beautiful eyes; the same lord in a dusthana gives eye trouble. If the dhanesh is with malefics and the 2nd also holds malefics, the native becomes a liar, a slanderer, and suffers vata (wind) disease. Learning (vidya) is judged from the 2nd, the 5th and Jupiter together."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "bp_house_3",
  "title": "Third House (Sahaja Bhava)",
  "keywords": "third house, sahaja bhava, siblings, brothers, sisters, courage, valor, parakrama",
  "content": "The third bhava (Sahaja) is judged for younger siblings (brothers and sisters), courage and prowess (parakrama). If the 3rd is joined by or aspected by benefics, the native is valorous and enjoys the happiness of siblings. When the tritiyesh (3rd lord) and Mars aspect or occupy the 3rd, siblings prosper and affection with them remains. If the tritiyesh and Mars are with malefics or in malefic signs, siblings are quickly destroyed. The gender of siblings is judged through male and female planets: a male tritiyesh with male planets in the 3rd gives only brothers, a female tritiyesh with female planets gives only sisters, mixed influence gives both. Mars with Rahu, or the tritiyesh in fall, alters the count and survival of siblings. The Sun placed in the 3rd destroys elder siblings; Saturn there destroys younger siblings. Overall the strength of the karaka (Mars) and the bhava decides the result."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "bp_house_4",
  "title": "Fourth House (Sukha / Matru Bhava)",
  "keywords": "fourth house, sukha bhava, mother, land, house, vehicles, happiness, comfort",
  "content": "The fourth bhava (Sukha, also the mother's house) is judged for the mother, land, houses/buildings, vehicles, and general domestic happiness, including comforts drawn from music. When the chaturthesh (4th lord) is in own sign, exalted, or in its own navamsha, the native obtains land, home, vehicle, mother, and happiness. If the chaturthesh joins the karmesh (10th lord) in a kendra or trikona, the native gets a home furnished with every comfort, like the happiness of a palace. A chaturthesh that is a benefic, joined or aspected by benefics, makes the native honoured among relatives. The karakas for this bhava are Moon and Venus; a strong karaka with an exalted chaturthesh grants full vehicular comfort and long life. A strong 4th bhava gives auspicious results, a weak one gives inauspicious results; benefic contacts give the good fruit of the house and malefic contacts the bad."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "bp_house_5",
  "title": "Fifth House (Suta / Putra Bhava)",
  "keywords": "fifth house, suta bhava, children, progeny, sons, intelligence, education, buddhi",
  "content": "The fifth bhava (Suta or Putra) is judged for children/progeny and, together with the 2nd and Jupiter, for intelligence and learning. When the lagnesh and panchamesh (5th lord) both sit in the 5th, or both in kendras or trikonas, full progeny happiness results. If the panchamesh falls in a dusthana (6, 8, 12), progeny happiness is absent. A combust, malefic-afflicted, or weak panchamesh denies children, or the child that is born dies. Placement in fall, in enemy signs, or with malefics brings children only with great difficulty. When Mercury, Jupiter and Venus are strong and aspect the 5th and the panchamesh is also strong, the native has many children. For intelligence, the panchamesh (or Mercury/Jupiter) with Jupiter in a kendra or trikona gives good learning, whereas the same combust or in a dusthana makes the native dull-witted or nearly uneducated. Numerous yogas describe the exact number and timing of children."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "bp_house_6",
  "title": "Sixth House (Roga / Shatru Bhava)",
  "keywords": "sixth house, roga bhava, shatru, disease, wounds, enemies, debts, illness",
  "content": "The sixth bhava (Roga-Shatru) is judged for bodily diseases, wounds (vrana), and enemies. If the shashthesh (6th lord) sits in the 1st, 6th or 8th, a wound appears on the body part shown by the sign in the 6th. Which planet is the 6th lord placed in 1/6/8 decides the wounded organ: Sun the head, Moon the mouth, Mars the throat, Mercury the navel, Jupiter the nose, Venus the eyes, Saturn the feet, and Rahu/Ketu the belly. The lagnesh in a sign of Mars or Mercury aspected by Mercury gives mouth disease. Various combinations of the 6th and 8th lords with the Sun, Mars, Mercury, Saturn, Rahu or Ketu indicate the cause of illness or injury (fever, tumours, bile, wind, violence, water, phlegm). Numerous yogas give the year of onset of specific diseases such as fever, kushtha (leprosy), consumption, and gulma."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "bp_house_7",
  "title": "Seventh House (Jaya / Kalatra Bhava)",
  "keywords": "seventh house, jaya bhava, kalatra, spouse, wife, marriage, sexuality, partner",
  "content": "The seventh bhava (Jaya, also Kalatra) is judged for the spouse, marriage, marital happiness, and sexual life. When the saptamesh (7th lord) is in own sign or exalted, full marital happiness is obtained; if it is weak and in a dusthana (6, 8, 12), the wife is sickly. Venus in the 7th makes the native highly passionate; Venus with a malefic anywhere threatens the wife's death, though a benefic link to the 7th or its lord reduces that risk. A strong saptamesh aspected by benefics makes the native wealthy, self-respecting and fortunate. A saptamesh in fall, combust, in enemy sign or weak makes the wife sickly and gives multiple partners. The planet occupying the 7th describes the type of woman associated with. Many yogas give the year of marriage and, adversely placed, the year of the wife's death; a malefic lagnesh in the 7th can cause the spouse's death."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "bp_house_8",
  "title": "Eighth House (Ayu / Randhra Bhava)",
  "keywords": "eighth house, ayu bhava, longevity, death, lifespan, mrityu, randhra",
  "content": "The eighth bhava (Ayu) is judged for longevity and death. Longevity is examined not only from the ashtamesh (8th lord) but also from Saturn and the karmesh (10th lord). When the ashtamesh sits in a kendra, it grants long life. If the lagnesh or ashtamesh sits in the 8th with malefics, the native is short-lived. When the lagnesh, ashtamesh, karmesh and Saturn are in kendras, trikonas or the 11th, long life is granted; a strong lagnesh in a kendra aspected by benefics also gives longevity. Conversely, an ashtamesh in fall with malefics in the 8th and a weak lagnesh makes the native short-lived; an ashtamesh afflicted by malefics with cruel planets in the 12th can cause death at birth. Parashara notes that among the many longevity yogas, the result follows whichever combination is strongest."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "bp_house_9",
  "title": "Ninth House (Bhagya / Dharma Bhava)",
  "keywords": "ninth house, bhagya bhava, fortune, luck, father, dharma, religion, pitru",
  "content": "The ninth bhava (Bhagya) is judged for fortune/luck, the father, dharma and religious merit. When the bhagyesh (9th lord) is strong in the 9th, the native becomes fortunate. Jupiter in the 9th with the bhagyesh in a kendra and a strong lagnesh makes the native very fortunate. The father's condition is also read here: a bhagyesh in deep exaltation with Jupiter in the navamsha of the 9th and Venus in the 4th makes the father long-lived, whereas Mars in the 10th or 4th with a fallen bhagyesh makes the father poor. An exchange of the 9th and 10th lords aspected by benefics makes the father wealthy and renowned. A weak, fallen or combust bhagyesh can make the native a beggar or deprive him of fortune. Many yogas give the year of the father's death and the age at which the native's own fortune rises."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "ps_bhava_groupings",
  "title": "Groupings of the Twelve Houses",
  "keywords": "kendra, trikona, panaphara, apoklima, upachaya, chaturasra, house classification, bhava",
  "content": "The twelve bhavas (houses) are classified into functional groups. Kendra (also kantak or chatushtaya), the angles: houses 1, 4, 7, 10. Trikona, the trines: houses 5 and 9 (with the 1st). Panaphara, the succedent houses: 2, 5, 8, 11. Apoklima, the cadent houses: 3, 6, 9, 12. Upachaya, the houses of growth: 3, 6, 10, 11. Chaturasra: houses 4 and 8. These groupings describe how the houses behave collectively: kendras and trikonas are strong and auspicious pillars of the chart, upachaya houses improve with time, and chaturasra houses (4 and 8) are sensitive points. They are a basic tool for weighing the strength and character of any house."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "ps_bhava_overview",
  "title": "Significations of the Twelve Houses",
  "keywords": "bhava, houses, lagna, dhana, parakrama, matru, ayushya, bhagya, karma, labha, vyaya",
  "content": "Each bhava governs its own areas of life. 1st (Lagna/Tanu): body, appearance, health, character, self-effort, mind, head. 2nd (Dhana): wealth, family, speech, right eye, accumulated assets, inheritance. 3rd (Parakrama/Bhratru): courage, younger siblings, short travels, communication, writing, right ear and arm. 4th (Matru/Sukha): mother, home, happiness, land, vehicles, education and inner learning (and speculation, romance and creativity in this source). 5th (Trikona/Putra): children and creativity, counted among the trines. 6th (Roga-Shatru): disease, enemies, debt, service, daily work. 7th (Kalatra): spouse, partnership, trade, public, west direction. 8th (Ayushya): longevity, death, inheritance, accidents, hidden matters, occult. 9th (Bhagya/Dharma): fortune, father, religion, long journeys, higher learning, guru. 10th (Karma): profession, status, authority, father. 11th (Labha): gains, elder siblings, friends, fulfilment of desires. 12th (Vyaya/Moksha): expenditure, loss, bondage, foreign residence, liberation."
 },
 {
  "category": "Houses (Bhava)",
  "item_key": "ps_house_karakas",
  "title": "Planetary Significators of the Houses",
  "keywords": "karaka, house significator, bhava karaka, planet karakatva, weak in own house",
  "content": "Each planet is the natural significator (karaka) of certain houses. Surya (Sun): houses 1, 9, 10. Chandra (Moon): house 4. Mangal (Mars): houses 3 and 6. Budha (Mercury): houses 4 and 10. Guru (Jupiter): houses 2, 5, 9, 10, 11. Shukra (Venus): house 7. Shani (Saturn): houses 6, 8, 10, 12. A significator is generally considered weak when placed in the very house it signifies, the exceptions being Saturn in the 8th, Jupiter in the 2nd, and Moon or Mercury in the 4th, which do no harm there. These karaka assignments are used alongside the house lord when judging the affairs of a house."
 },
 {
  "category": "Nakshatras",
  "item_key": "ps_nakshatra_definition",
  "title": "What a Nakshatra Is",
  "keywords": "nakshatra, lunar mansion, 13-20, moon segment, nakshatra bhoga",
  "content": "A nakshatra is a segment of the ecliptic measuring 13 degrees 20 minutes (13-20); the whole circle is divided into twenty-seven such equal segments. As the Moon revolves through the sky it passes through each nakshatra in turn, and the time it takes to travel one nakshatra segment is called the nakshatra-bhoga. In a panchang, the nakshatra listed for a given day is the one on which the Moon stands that day: to say a certain nakshatra rules the day means the Moon occupies that nakshatra. Nakshatras are the lunar mansions and form the Moon-based framework that runs parallel to the twelve solar signs."
 },
 {
  "category": "Nakshatras",
  "item_key": "ps_nakshatra_list",
  "title": "The Twenty-Seven Nakshatras",
  "keywords": "nakshatra names, 27 nakshatras, ashwini, revati, lunar mansions list",
  "content": "There are twenty-seven nakshatras, counted in order from the fixed starting point of the ecliptic: 1 Ashwini, 2 Bharani, 3 Krittika, 4 Rohini, 5 Mrigashirsha, 6 Ardra, 7 Punarvasu, 8 Pushya, 9 Ashlesha, 10 Magha, 11 Purva Phalguni, 12 Uttara Phalguni, 13 Hasta, 14 Chitra, 15 Swati, 16 Vishakha, 17 Anuradha, 18 Jyeshtha, 19 Mula, 20 Purvashadha, 21 Uttarashadha, 22 Shravana, 23 Dhanishtha, 24 Shatabhisha (Shatataraka), 25 Purva Bhadrapada, 26 Uttara Bhadrapada, 27 Revati. Each occupies 13 degrees 20 minutes of the ecliptic, and the sequence repeats the Moon-based division of the whole zodiac."
 },
 {
  "category": "Nakshatras",
  "item_key": "ps_nakshatra_padas",
  "title": "Nakshatra Padas Within Each Sign",
  "keywords": "nakshatra pada, charana, 4 padas, sign nakshatra mapping, 2.25 nakshatras per sign",
  "content": "Each nakshatra of 13 degrees 20 minutes is divided into four equal quarters called padas (charana), each of 3 degrees 20 minutes. Since a sign is 30 degrees and a nakshatra is 13 degrees 20 minutes, exactly two and a quarter nakshatras (nine padas) fall in each sign, so nakshatras straddle sign boundaries. For example, Aries (Mesha) holds Ashwini (all 4 padas), Bharani (all 4 padas) and the first pada of Krittika; Taurus (Vrishabha) holds the last 3 padas of Krittika, all of Rohini, and the first 2 padas of Mrigashirsha. This pada mapping links the twenty-seven-fold lunar division to the twelve-fold solar division and is the basis for assigning the birth-name syllable (namakshar)."
 },
 {
  "category": "Aspects (Drishti)",
  "item_key": "ps_graha_drishti",
  "title": "Planetary Aspects (Drishti)",
  "keywords": "drishti, aspect, seventh aspect, mars aspect, jupiter aspect, saturn aspect, special aspects",
  "content": "Every planet casts a full aspect (drishti) on the seventh house from itself. Surya, Chandra, Budha and Shukra aspect only the 7th. Beyond the seventh, certain planets have special aspects: Mangal (Mars) additionally aspects the 4th and 8th houses from its position; Guru (Jupiter) additionally aspects the 5th and 9th; Shani (Saturn) additionally aspects the 3rd and 10th. Rahu and Ketu are not credited with any aspect in this system. Aspects are how a planet extends its influence to houses and planets other than the one it occupies, and the special aspects of Mars, Jupiter and Saturn are central to reading a chart."
 },
 {
  "category": "Yogas & Combinations",
  "item_key": "bp_alpayu_yoga",
  "title": "Short-Life Combinations (Alpayu Yoga)",
  "keywords": "alpayu yoga, short life, early death, weak lagnesh, malefic eighth, infant death",
  "content": "Parashara describes combinations for a short life (alpayu). The lagnesh or ashtamesh sitting in the 8th with malefics makes the native short-lived. An ashtamesh in fall with malefics in the 8th and a weak lagnesh gives a short life. An ashtamesh joined with malefics, malefics in the 8th, and cruel planets in the 12th can cause death at birth. When malefics occupy the kendras and trikonas, benefics are in the 6th and 8th, and a fallen ashtamesh sits in the lagna, the native dies soon after birth. Malefics in the 5th and 8th with an afflicted ashtamesh give a short span; and when the ashtamesh is in the 8th with the Moon afflicted by malefics and no benefic aspect, death may come within a month. A weak lagnesh with the ashtamesh in a kendra can limit life to roughly twenty to thirty-two years."
 },
 {
  "category": "Yogas & Combinations",
  "item_key": "bp_deerghayu_yoga",
  "title": "Longevity Combinations (Deerghayu Yoga)",
  "keywords": "deerghayu yoga, long life, longevity, ashtamesh kendra, strong lagnesh, jupiter eighth",
  "content": "Parashara gives several yogas granting long life (deerghayu). The ashtamesh (8th lord) placed in a kendra grants long life. When the 6th or 12th lord occupies the 6th or 12th, or sits in the lagna or 8th, long life results. If the chaturthesh is in the 4th, or the lagnesh and ashtamesh are in own sign or own navamsha, long life is given. When the lagnesh, ashtamesh, karmesh and Saturn all occupy kendras, trikonas or the 11th, the native is long-lived. A strong lagnesh in a kendra aspected by benefics bestows longevity. Another combination: the lagnesh in its exaltation sign, the Moon in the 11th, and Jupiter in the 8th makes the native long-lived. Parashara advises that among the many longevity yogas, whichever is strongest determines the actual result."
 },
 {
  "category": "Yogas & Combinations",
  "item_key": "bp_dhana_yoga",
  "title": "Wealth Combinations (Dhana Yoga)",
  "keywords": "dhana yoga, wealth combinations, dhanesh, labhesh, second lord, eleventh lord, prosperity, poverty",
  "content": "Parashara gives combinations for wealth centred on the 2nd (dhana) and 11th (labha) houses and their lords. The dhanesh in the 2nd or in a kendra/trikona increases wealth; Jupiter as dhanesh in the 2nd with Mars makes the native wealthy. The dhanesh in a kendra with the labhesh in a trine from it, aspected by Jupiter and Venus, gives good wealth. An exchange of the 2nd and 11th lords, or their mutual placement in each other's houses, makes the native prosperous. The dhanesh in own or exaltation sign aspected by Jupiter makes the native a supporter of others and famous. Poverty results when the dhanesh and labhesh are combust and joined with malefics, giving a native poor from birth living on alms; when both are in dusthanas with Mars in the 11th and Rahu in the 2nd, wealth is destroyed by royal punishment (fines)."
 },
 {
  "category": "Yogas & Combinations",
  "item_key": "bp_moksha_naraka_yoga",
  "title": "Moksha and Naraka Combinations (Twelfth House)",
  "keywords": "moksha yoga, naraka, liberation, hell, twelfth house, vyayesh, afterlife, dwadasha",
  "content": "From the twelfth house Parashara reads the soul's destiny after death. When a benefic occupies the 12th and the vyayesh (12th lord) is exalted and joined with benefics, the native attains liberation (moksha). Conversely, when Rahu is in the 12th together with Mars, Saturn and the Sun, and the vyayesh is also combust with the Sun in the 12th, the native goes to a hellish state (naraka). Spending patterns are read likewise: an auspicious, exalted, benefic-linked vyayesh directs expenditure to righteous causes, while a malefic-afflicted vyayesh and 12th cause the native to wander from country to country. Benefic influence on the 12th sends the native abroad or on pilgrimage honourably; malefic Saturn with Mars in the 12th, unaspected by benefics, makes the native earn wealth by sinful means."
 },
 {
  "category": "Yogas & Combinations",
  "item_key": "bp_nissantana_yoga",
  "title": "Childless Combinations (Nissantana Yoga)",
  "keywords": "nissantana yoga, childless, no progeny, barren, santana, sun saturn, seventh house",
  "content": "Parashara lists specific combinations that deny progeny (nissantana yoga). First: the Sun in the lagna with Saturn in the 7th house. Second: the Sun and Saturn together in the 7th with the Moon in the 10th, when they receive no aspect from Jupiter. Third: Saturn and Mars conjoined in the 4th or the 6th house. More broadly, a panchamesh (5th lord) that is combust, afflicted by malefics or weak denies children or causes a born child to die, and a panchamesh in a dusthana (6, 8, 12) removes progeny happiness. When such afflictions occur, adoption of a son (dattaka putra) is often indicated instead, especially when the 5th holds Mercury and Ketu or the signs of Mercury and Saturn under Saturn's aspect."
 },
 {
  "category": "Yogas & Combinations",
  "item_key": "bp_pitru_marana_yoga",
  "title": "Combinations for the Father's Death",
  "keywords": "pitru marana, father death, sun, ashtamesh, ninth lord, rahu, timing father",
  "content": "Parashara gives combinations timing the father's death, judged through the Sun (father-karaka), the 9th and 10th houses and their lords, and the 8th house. The Sun in a dusthana (6, 8, 12) with the ashtamesh in the 9th, the vyayesh in the lagna, and the shashthesh in the 5th can cause the father's death even before the native's birth. The Sun in the 8th with the ashtamesh in the 9th brings the father's death in the native's first year. Rahu in the 4th with the Sun in the 5th gives the 18th or 19th year; the Sun with Rahu and Saturn in the 9th from the Moon gives the 7th or 9th year; an exchange of the 9th and 12th lords gives the 44th year. The Sun as lord of the father's house joined with Saturn and Mars can bring the father's death in the 50th year."
 },
 {
  "category": "Yogas & Combinations",
  "item_key": "bp_santana_yogas",
  "title": "Progeny Count and Timing Combinations",
  "keywords": "progeny yoga, number of children, sons, timing of birth, jupiter, panchamesh, santana prapti",
  "content": "Parashara gives many combinations for the number and timing of children, judged from the 5th house, its lord, and the karaka Jupiter. When Jupiter is in deep exaltation, the dhanesh with Rahu, and the bhagyesh in own sign, nine children result; Jupiter in the 5th or 9th with a strong panchamesh and the dhanesh in the 10th gives eight; other configurations yield seven (including twins), six (three of whom die), or a single child. Jupiter and Saturn in mutual 5th positions with a malefic-afflicted 5th give only one child, or a child by a second or third wife. For timing, Jupiter in the 5th with the panchamesh joined by Venus gives a child in the 32nd or 33rd year; the panchamesh in a kendra with Jupiter gives one in the 30th or 36th year; Jupiter in the 9th with Venus in the 5th gives one in the 40th year. Aquarius Saturn in the 5th gives a son, Capricorn Saturn a daughter."
 },
 {
  "category": "Yogas & Combinations",
  "item_key": "bp_vivaha_timing",
  "title": "Timing of Marriage Combinations",
  "keywords": "marriage timing, vivaha, year of marriage, venus, saptamesh, wife death",
  "content": "Parashara gives combinations fixing the year of marriage, centred on Venus (the kalatra karaka) and the saptamesh (7th lord). A saptamesh in a benefic's sign with Venus in own sign or exalted brings marriage early. The Sun in the 7th with the saptamesh joined by Venus gives marriage in the 7th or 11th year; Venus in the 2nd with the saptamesh in the 11th gives the 10th or 16th year; Venus in a kendra with the lagnesh in Saturn's sign gives the 11th year; a Moon-Saturn conjunction with Venus in the 7th from them gives the 18th year. The dhanesh in the 11th with the lagnesh in the 10th gives the 15th year. Adverse placements give the year of the wife's death, for example a fallen saptamesh with Venus in the 6th or 8th gives the wife's death in the 18th or 33rd year; Rahu in the 2nd with Mars in the 7th can bring death by snakebite."
 },
 {
  "category": "Yogas & Combinations",
  "item_key": "ps_panchang_yogas",
  "title": "The Twenty-Seven (Panchang) Yogas",
  "keywords": "yoga, panchang yoga, sun moon sum, vishkumbha, vaidhriti, 27 yogas",
  "content": "In the panchang, the Yoga is found from the combined position of Sun and Moon: their rashi, degree, minute and second are added together, and each 13-degree-20-minute portion of the resulting arc, counted from the ecliptic's starting point, is one yoga. There are twenty-seven yogas in order: 1 Vishkumbha, 2 Priti, 3 Ayushman, 4 Saubhagya, 5 Shobhana, 6 Atiganda, 7 Sukarma, 8 Dhriti, 9 Shula, 10 Ganda, 11 Vriddhi, 12 Dhruva, 13 Vyaghata, 14 Harshana, 15 Vajra, 16 Siddhi, 17 Vyatipata, 18 Variyan, 19 Parigha, 20 Shiva, 21 Siddha, 22 Sadhya, 23 Shubha, 24 Shukla, 25 Brahma, 26 Aindra, 27 Vaidhriti. These are the almanac yogas, distinct from planetary combination yogas."
 },
 {
  "category": "Health & Body",
  "item_key": "bp_disease_cause_indicators",
  "title": "Cause of Illness and Injury by Planet",
  "keywords": "disease cause, injury, fever, bile, wind, tumour, sixth lord, eighth lord, ghaata, illness type",
  "content": "Parashara reads the cause of a serious illness or fatal injury from the 6th and 8th lords joined with a planet in the lagna. With the Sun, harm comes through fever; with Mars, through tumours, weapons or wounds; with Mercury, through bile (a woman may be the occasion); with Saturn, through the aggravation of wind (vata); with Rahu, through violent persons; with Ketu, through a swelling or wound at the navel; and with the Moon, through watery swelling (dropsy), phlegm or cold. The same rule is extended to the houses and karakas of relatives. Timing yogas follow: Mars in the 6th with the shashthesh in the 8th gives fever in the 6th and 12th years; Rahu in the 6th with Saturn in a kendra and the lagnesh in the 8th gives consumption in the 26th year; and the 12th and 6th lords in mutual exchange give gulma (abdominal or splenic tumour) around the 29th or 30th year."
 },
 {
  "category": "Health & Body",
  "item_key": "bp_kushtha_types",
  "title": "Types of Kushtha (Skin Disease) by Planet",
  "keywords": "kushtha, leprosy, skin disease, white leprosy, black leprosy, red leprosy, moon rahu saturn mars",
  "content": "Parashara identifies the type of kushtha (chronic skin disease, rendered as leprosy) by the planet joining the Moon in the lagna when the Moon is not the lagna lord. The Moon with Rahu in the lagna causes shveta (white) kushtha; the Moon with Saturn causes krishna (black) kushtha; and the Moon with Mars causes rakta (red) kushtha. When a Mars-ruled or Mercury-ruled lagnesh has the Moon, Rahu and Saturn joined with it, kushtha likewise arises. Timing yogas are also given: Jupiter in the 6th with the Moon in Jupiter's sign risks kushtha in the 19th to 22nd year, and the Moon with Saturn in the 6th gives rakta kushtha in the 55th year. These readings combine the afflicting planet with the 6th house of disease and the lagna."
 },
 {
  "category": "Health & Body",
  "item_key": "bp_organ_wounds_sixth_lord",
  "title": "Wounded Organ by the Sixth Lord Planet",
  "keywords": "organ wound, sixth lord, vrana location, body part, sun head, moon face, mars throat, mercury navel, jupiter nose, venus eyes, saturn feet",
  "content": "When a planet acting as the 6th lord (shashthesh) is placed in the 1st, 6th or 8th house, Parashara names the organ that bears a wound or injury according to which planet it is. The Sun causes a wound on the head; the Moon on the mouth or face; Mars on the throat; Mercury at the navel; Jupiter on the nose; Venus in the eyes; Saturn on the feet; and Rahu or Ketu on the belly. The sign occupying the 6th also indicates the affected body part, and the two indications are read together. The same principle is extended to the lords and karakas of other houses (such as the father's houses) placed in the 6th or 8th, so that the wounded organ can be identified for the native and for relatives alike."
 },
 {
  "category": "Health & Body",
  "item_key": "bs_health_fire_element",
  "title": "Health Tendencies of Fire-Element Natives",
  "keywords": "fire element health, agni tattva, digestion, blood circulation, heart, skin disease, high BP",
  "content": "Anger, the hallmark of the Fire element (Agni tattva), directly damages the body. It spoils the digestive system and disturbs blood circulation, and affects the liver, heart, brain and lungs. Fire natives suffer headaches, and irregular blood circulation causes tremors of the body. They feel excessive hunger, eat more, and so aggravate the stomach. Digestive fire (jatharagni) is strong in youth but digestive problems arise as age advances. Sexually, impulsive urges raise the likelihood of premature ejaculation and nocturnal emission, which in turn breed depression, an inferiority complex and fear, and can cause mental impotence; unsatisfied libido may leave a wife prone to vaginal disease, hysteria or epilepsy (vai). For Aries natives specifically the book notes frequent skin diseases, stomach upset, disturbed blood circulation, heart trouble, high blood pressure (and low BP in depression) and respiratory problems. Excessive chanting of fire-generating mantras dries the body further and increases anger."
 },
 {
  "category": "Health & Body",
  "item_key": "bs_health_water_element",
  "title": "Health Tendencies of Water-Element Natives",
  "keywords": "water element health, jal tattva, mental illness, mind, kapha, kaph prakop, psychosomatic",
  "content": "For Water-element (Jal tattva) natives, and especially the Cancer ascendant, the mind is the chief cause of illness - many disorders are psychosomatic, arising from mental causes. Disease is read from the condition of the ascendant lord and the Moon. Common complaints are mental illnesses, disorders of blood circulation, ailments from disturbed digestion, and diseases caused by aggravated kapha (kaph prakop / phlegm). The body of these natives tends to be swollen or plump. Sexually, arousal comes quickly and cools quickly; if fear appears during intercourse they turn cold, and water-sign women do not awaken to desire without stimulation. Cancer natives in particular live under constant mental tension and form the largest share of psychiatric patients. The prescribed remedy to reduce excess water-element influence is to worship the Fire element and to chant Om (Aum), whose electrical vibration awakens consciousness throughout the body, acts especially on the brain, and promotes mental development."
 },
 {
  "category": "Remedies",
  "item_key": "bs_remedy_water_agni_upasana",
  "title": "Reducing Excess Water Element",
  "keywords": "remedy, jal tattva, agni upasana, om, aum chanting, balancing elements, water excess",
  "content": "When the Water element (Jal tattva) is excessive - bringing psychosomatic illness, kapha disorders, over-emotionality and instability - the book prescribes worship of the opposing Fire element (agni upasana) to reduce its influence. Alongside this, chanting Om (Aum) is recommended: the syllable carries an electrical (vidyut) charge that awakens consciousness (chaitanya) throughout the body. It is held to be the finest sound-vibration (naad), acting especially on the brain and fostering mental development and steadiness. This is offered as a balancing measure for the coolness, laziness and mind-rooted afflictions characteristic of water-dominant charts."
 },
 {
  "category": "Predictions",
  "item_key": "bp_body_marks_wounds",
  "title": "Body Marks and Wounds from Drekkana and Planets",
  "keywords": "body marks, wounds, vrana, drekkana, drekkana anga, right side, left side, malefic, benefic, scars",
  "content": "Parashara describes how to locate scars, wounds and marks on the body using the drekkana (decanate) of the lagna and the placement of planets. The bhavas from the 2nd to the 7th indicate the right side of the body and those from the 12th to the 7th indicate the left side. A malefic in a bhava indicates a wound (vrana) on the body part signified by that house; a cruel planet with Mercury indicates a definite metallic scar there; a benefic in a bhava indicates only a mark or sign. The body parts follow the drekkana sequence: head, eyes, ears, nose, cheeks, chin and mouth for the first set; throat, shoulders, arms, sides, heart-chest, stomach and navel for the second; and pelvis, genitals-anus, testicles, thighs, knees and calves for the third. The right or left angle joined to a malefic marks the corresponding limb."
 },
 {
  "category": "Predictions",
  "item_key": "bp_karaka_planets",
  "title": "Planetary Karakas (Significators)",
  "keywords": "karaka, significator, sun father, moon mother, mars siblings, jupiter children, venus spouse, saturn longevity, bhratrukaraka, putrakaraka",
  "content": "Parashara assigns each planet a karaka (natural significator) role used alongside the houses. The Sun is the karaka of the father (and is examined for the father with the 9th and 10th). The Moon and Venus are karakas of the mother and of the 4th house of comforts. Mars is the bhratrukaraka, significator of siblings, used with the 3rd house. Jupiter is the putrakaraka, significator of children, and together with the 2nd and 5th houses it signifies learning and intelligence; Venus is the kalatra-karaka, significator of the wife and marriage, used with the 7th house. Saturn signifies longevity and, with the 8th lord and the 10th lord, is examined for the span of life. When judging any matter, the strength and placement of its karaka is weighed together with the concerned house and its lord; a strong, well-placed karaka supports the significations, while an afflicted karaka undermines them even if the house itself is sound."
 },
 {
  "category": "Predictions",
  "item_key": "bp_lagnesh_in_houses",
  "title": "Results of the Lagna Lord in the Twelve Houses",
  "keywords": "lagnesh, ascendant lord in houses, lagna lord placement, results, first lord, house-by-house",
  "content": "Parashara gives the fruit of the lagnesh (ascendant lord) in each house. In the 1st the native is healthy, self-made, wilful and restless. In the 2nd he is learned, wealthy, happy and virtuous. In the 3rd he is lion-like in valour, wealthy and intelligent. In the 4th he enjoys parental happiness and is handsome. In the 5th progeny is middling and the first child may be lost, while he is proud and dear to authority. In the 6th bodily comfort fails and, if the lord is afflicted, enemies torment him. In the 7th, if a malefic, the wife may die; if benefic, he travels or becomes ascetic or king. In the 8th he is skilled in occult lore but sickly and prone to vice. In the 9th he is fortunate, popular and devout. In the 10th he gains the father's care and self-earned status. In the 11th he enjoys constant wealth and fame. In the 12th, without benefic aid, bodily comfort fails, wasteful spending and anger arise."
 }
]